leptospirosis

This is the saddest day that happened to my friend, we know her as the most happy and very enthusiastic person full of laughter and full of jokes but with humility and humbleness and very helpful.

on this he just received a text from a friend of her mom that his Father died today due to the cause and infection of Leptospirosis which happen during the hit of typhoon "Undoy".

Leptospirosis is caused by exposure to several types of the Leptospira bacteria, which can be found in fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine. It occurs in warmer climates.
Risk factors include:
Occupational exposure -- farmers, ranchers, slaughterhouse workers, trappers, veterinarians, loggers, sewer workers, rice field workers, and military personnel.
Recreational activities -- fresh water swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and trail biking in warm areas.
Household exposure -- pet dogs, domesticated livestock, rainwater catchment systems, and infected rodents.
Leptospirosis is rare in the continental U.S. Hawaii has the highest number of cases in the U.S.
Symptoms
Symptoms can take 2 - 26 days (average 10 days) to develop, and may include:
Dry cough
Fever
Headache
Muscle pain
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Shaking chills
Less common symptoms include:
Abdominal pain
Abnormal lung sounds
Bone pain
Conjunctivitis
Enlarged lymph glands
Enlarged spleen or liver
Joint aches
Muscle rigidity
Muscle tenderness
Skin rash
Sore throat
Exams and Tests
The blood is tested for antibodies to the bacteria.
Other tests that may be done:
Creatine kinase
Liver enzymes
Urinalysis
White blood cell count
Treatment
Medications to treat leptospirosis include:
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Penicillins
Tetracyclines
Complicated cases will need supportive care.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outlook is generally good. However, a complicated case can be life-threatening if it is not treated promptly.
Possible Complications
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction when penicillin is given
Meningitis
Severe bleeding
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact your health care provider if you have any symptoms of, or risk factors for leptospirosis.
Prevention
Avoid areas of stagnant water, especially in tropical climates. If you are exposed to a high risk area, taking doxycycline may decrease your risk of developing disease.